Ghost Wrangler
Background
Who you gonna call?
Difficulty: Easy
- Overall difficulty for me: Very easy
In this challenge, we can download a file:
┌──(root🌸siunam)-[~/ctf/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler]
└─# unzip rev_ghost_wrangler.zip
Archive: rev_ghost_wrangler.zip
creating: rev_ghost_wrangler/
inflating: rev_ghost_wrangler/ghost
┌──(root🌸siunam)-[~/ctf/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler]
└─# file rev_ghost_wrangler/ghost
rev_ghost_wrangler/ghost: ELF 64-bit LSB pie executable, x86-64, version 1 (SYSV), dynamically linked, interpreter /lib64/ld-linux-x86-64.so.2, BuildID[sha1]=810d0f9271ec04d80a2eee6ff2afd9367da3c3dd, for GNU/Linux 3.2.0, not stripped
┌──(root🌸siunam)-[~/ctf/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler]
└─# chmod +x rev_ghost_wrangler/ghost
It's a ELF 64-bit LSB pie executable!
Find the flag
It's a good practice don't blindly run any executable you downloaded from online, I'll use strings to see anything weird:
┌──(root🌸siunam)-[~/…/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler/rev_ghost_wrangler]
└─# strings ghost
[...]
[24m| I've managed to trap the flag ghost in this box, but it's turned invisible!
Can you figure out how to reveal them?
[...]
Looks good. Try to run it?
┌──(root🌸siunam)-[~/…/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler/rev_ghost_wrangler]
└─# ./ghost
| _| I've managed to trap the flag ghost in this box, but it's turned invisible!
Can you figure out how to reveal them?
Hmm… It seems like the flag get loaded into memory, but it didn't print the flag out…
How about using ltrace to trace all system calls from the executable? Like cat, ls commands.
┌──(root🌸siunam)-[~/…/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler/rev_ghost_wrangler]
└─# ltrace ./ghost
malloc(41) = 0x55a62f1aa2a0
memset(0x55a62f1aa2a0, '\0', 41) = 0x55a62f1aa2a0
printf("%s\r|\033[4m%*.c\033[24m| I've managed "..., "HTB{h4unt3d_by_th3_gh0st5_0f_ctf"..., 40, '_'HTB{h4| _| I've managed to trap the flag ghost in this box, but it's turned invisible!
Can you figure out how to reveal them?
) = 208
+++ exited (status 0) +++
Ohh! Hmm… But we only see half of the flag.
Let's use gdb to find the full flag!
┌──(root🌸siunam)-[~/…/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler/rev_ghost_wrangler]
└─# gdb ./ghost
[...]
gef➤
Then, I'll use info functions to list all the functions in this executable:
gef➤ info functions
All defined functions:
Non-debugging symbols:
0x0000000000001000 _init
0x0000000000001030 printf@plt
0x0000000000001040 memset@plt
0x0000000000001050 malloc@plt
0x0000000000001060 __cxa_finalize@plt
0x0000000000001070 _start
0x00000000000010a0 deregister_tm_clones
0x00000000000010d0 register_tm_clones
0x0000000000001110 __do_global_dtors_aux
0x0000000000001150 frame_dummy
0x0000000000001155 get_flag
0x00000000000011c2 main
0x0000000000001210 __libc_csu_init
0x0000000000001270 __libc_csu_fini
0x0000000000001274 _fini
The get_flag function looks sussy! Let's disassemble that function via disas <function_name>
gef➤ disas get_flag
Dump of assembler code for function get_flag:
0x0000000000001155 <+0>: push rbp
0x0000000000001156 <+1>: mov rbp,rsp
0x0000000000001159 <+4>: sub rsp,0x10
0x000000000000115d <+8>: mov edi,0x29
0x0000000000001162 <+13>: call 0x1050 <malloc@plt>
0x0000000000001167 <+18>: mov QWORD PTR [rbp-0x10],rax
0x000000000000116b <+22>: mov rax,QWORD PTR [rbp-0x10]
0x000000000000116f <+26>: mov edx,0x29
0x0000000000001174 <+31>: mov esi,0x0
0x0000000000001179 <+36>: mov rdi,rax
0x000000000000117c <+39>: call 0x1040 <memset@plt>
0x0000000000001181 <+44>: mov DWORD PTR [rbp-0x4],0x0
0x0000000000001188 <+51>: jmp 0x11b4 <get_flag+95>
0x000000000000118a <+53>: mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbp-0x4]
0x000000000000118d <+56>: cdqe
0x000000000000118f <+58>: lea rdx,[rip+0xe8a] # 0x2020 <_>
0x0000000000001196 <+65>: movzx eax,BYTE PTR [rax+rdx*1]
0x000000000000119a <+69>: xor eax,0x13
0x000000000000119d <+72>: mov ecx,eax
0x000000000000119f <+74>: mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbp-0x4]
0x00000000000011a2 <+77>: movsxd rdx,eax
0x00000000000011a5 <+80>: mov rax,QWORD PTR [rbp-0x10]
0x00000000000011a9 <+84>: add rax,rdx
0x00000000000011ac <+87>: mov edx,ecx
0x00000000000011ae <+89>: mov BYTE PTR [rax],dl
0x00000000000011b0 <+91>: add DWORD PTR [rbp-0x4],0x1
0x00000000000011b4 <+95>: mov eax,DWORD PTR [rbp-0x4]
0x00000000000011b7 <+98>: cmp eax,0x27
0x00000000000011ba <+101>: jbe 0x118a <get_flag+53>
0x00000000000011bc <+103>: mov rax,QWORD PTR [rbp-0x10]
0x00000000000011c0 <+107>: leave
0x00000000000011c1 <+108>: ret
End of assembler dump.
Bunch of XORs.
Since I'm lazy to solving XOR puzzles, I'll just set a breakpoint at the get_flag function, and hopefully the full flag will be loaded:
gef➤ break *get_flag
Breakpoint 1 at 0x1155
gef➤ run
Starting program: /root/ctf/HackTheBoo/Reversing/Ghost-Wrangler/rev_ghost_wrangler/ghost
[Thread debugging using libthread_db enabled]
Using host libthread_db library "/lib/x86_64-linux-gnu/libthread_db.so.1".
Breakpoint 1, 0x0000555555555155 in get_flag ()
[...]
Nothing weird in the first step, let's use next to run the next instruction:
gef➤ next
Single stepping until exit from function get_flag,
which has no line number information.
0x00005555555551d4 in main ()
[ Legend: Modified register | Code | Heap | Stack | String ]
────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────────── registers ────
$rax : 0x005555555592a0 → "HTB{h4unt3d_by_th3_gh0st5_0f_ctf5_p45t!}"
$rbx : 0x0
$rcx : 0x7d
$rdx : 0x7d
$rsp : 0x007fffffffdc60 → 0x0000000000000000
$rbp : 0x007fffffffdc70 → 0x0000000000000001
$rsi : 0x0
$rdi : 0x005555555592a0 → "HTB{h4unt3d_by_th3_gh0st5_0f_ctf5_p45t!}"
[...]
Boom! We got the full flag in the RDI, RAX registers!
Conclusion
What we've learned:
- Using
gdbto Find Loaded Memory Strings